Weight loss injections are seen as a major innovation in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Although their popularity continues to increase thanks to their effects on weight loss, these medications also have significant side effects. Here is the most up-to-date information about the side effects of weight loss injections.
Contents
- Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Stomach And Intestines
- Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Gallbladder And Liver
- Side Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Pancreas
- Psychiatric Side Effects Of Weight Loss Injections
- Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On Eye And Muscle Health
- Aspiration Risk Of Weight Loss Injections
- Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On Vitamins And Minerals
- Weight Regain After Stopping Weight Loss Injections
- Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Liver And Risk Of Hepatotoxicity
Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Stomach And Intestines
- Nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea are the most common complaints.
- Gastroparesis (slowing of gastric emptying) may develop. This condition can lead to stomach pain, bloating, and even intestinal obstruction (ileus).
Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Gallbladder And Liver
- The risk of gallstone formation and bile duct problems may increase.
- Although most studies show improvements in liver enzymes, hepatotoxicity (drug-induced liver injury) has been reported rarely.
Side Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Pancreas
- Some users have developed acute pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
- If there are additional factors such as diabetes, obesity, gallstones, or alcohol use, the risk may increase even further.
Psychiatric Side Effects Of Weight Loss Injections
- It has been reported that the risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts may increase.
- Although there is no definitive evidence, it is important for those experiencing such symptoms to consult their doctor.
Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On Eye And Muscle Health
- In patients with diabetes, a rapid drop in blood sugar may increase the risk of retinopathy.
- Since some of the weight loss may also come from muscle, sarcopenia (muscle loss) may develop.
Aspiration Risk Of Weight Loss Injections
Because they slow gastric emptying, the risk of aspiration (stomach contents entering the windpipe) may increase during surgery or endoscopy. Therefore, the use of these medications must be reported to the doctor before surgery.
Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On Vitamins And Minerals
Reduced appetite and decreased food intake may lead to deficiencies in B12, iron, and fat-soluble vitamins.
Weight Regain After Stopping Weight Loss Injections
- People who stop treatment may regain about 65–70% of the weight they lost (yo-yo effect).
- Therefore, healthy lifestyle changes are essential for lasting results.
Effects Of Weight Loss Injections On The Liver And Risk Of Hepatotoxicity
- Most commonly, improvement in liver enzymes is observed (due to weight loss and a reduction in fatty liver).
- However, very rare hepatotoxicity (drug-induced liver injury) has been reported:
- Cases of elevated liver enzymes and jaundice developing with semaglutide.
- An autoimmune hepatitis-like picture with dulaglutide + semaglutide.
- An autoimmune hepatitis-like condition with liraglutide.
References
Consoli A. (2014). Safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Aaboe K. et al. (2008). GLP-1: physiological effects and potential therapeutic applications.
Kim G. & Yoo S. (2025). GLP-1 receptor agonists: Gastrointestinal side effects and safety issues. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.
Nature (2024). GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk of psychiatric disorders.
Gov.uk (2024). GLP-1 receptor agonists: reminder of the potential side effects and misuse risk.
HopkinsMD (2023). Managing GLP-1 side effects: tips for success.
Filippatos T. et al. (2015). Safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Semaglutide hepatotoxicity cases: PMC, LWW1, LWW2
Dulaglutide + Semaglutide hepatotoxicity: JPTCP
Liraglutide hepatotoxicity cases: LWW3, MDPI
